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General
Agreement on Tariff and Trade. An
international multilateral agreement embodying a
code of practice for fair trading in
international commerce. |
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General
average is an unwritten, non-statutory,
international maritime law which is universally
recognized and applied. It is founded on the
principle that vessel and goods are parties to
the same venture and share exposure to the same
perils, which may require sacrifice or the
incurring of extraordinary expense on the part
of one for the benefit of the whole venture. |
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A
portable power generator, which converts fuel
into electrical power by mechanical means, and
from which a reefer draws power. A clip-on
generator set is mounted to the front of the
refrigeration unit. An underslung generator set
is mounted to the chassis upon which the reefer
is mounted for handling and transport. The
underslung generator set can be either
side-mounted or center-mounted on the chassis. |
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The
front rails of the chassis that raise above the
plane of the chassis and engage in the tunnel of
a container. |
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Applies
to vessels, not to cargo. Determined by dividing
by 100 the contents, in cubic feet, of the
vessel's closed-in spaces. A vessel ton is 100
cubic feet.
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Entire weight
of goods, packaging and container, ready for
shipment.
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1924
International Convention on Carriage of Goods by
Sea. These rules govern liability for loss or
damage to goods carried by sea under a bill of
lading.
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1968
Revision of Hague Rules. |
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In March 1978
an international conference in Hamburg adopted a
new set of rules (The Hamburg Rules), which
radically alter the liability which shipowners
have to bear for loss or damage to goods in the
courts of those nations where the rules apply. |
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Harmonized
Commodity Description and Coding System
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The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding
System, popularly known as Harmonized System or HS, is a multipurpose goods
nomenclature used as the basis for Customs tariffs and for the compilation trade
statistics all over the world.
Developed under the auspices of the
Customs Cooperations Council (CCC), an
international customs organization in Brussels,
this code is a hierarchically structured product
nomenclature containing approximately 5,000
headings and subheadings describing the articles
moving in international trade.
It is organized
into 99 chapters arranged in 22 sections. The basic code contains four-digit
headings and six-digit subheadings.
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The
opening in the deck of a vessel; gives access to
the cargo hold |
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The
participating carrier responsible for drayage. |
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Articles
too heavy to be lifted by a ship's tackle.
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A
charge made for lifting articles too heavy to be
lifted by a ship's tackle.
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Any
container which exceeds 8 feet 6 inches (102
inches) in height, usually 9 feet 6 inches.
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Bill
of lading issued by forwarder. |
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The
body of a vessel exclusive of masts, yards,
sails, rigging, machinery and equipment. |
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The
person with whom the ship’s hull, machinery
apparel, and tackle is insured. |
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International
Maritime Consultative Organization. A forum in
which most major maritime nations participate
and through which recommendations for the
carriage of dangerous goods, bulk commodities
and maritime regulations become internationally
acceptable.
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Inland
Points Intermodal. Inland carriage by another
mode of transportation after discharge.
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International
Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. The IMO
recommendations for the carriage of dangerous
goods by sea.
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Shipment
of goods from a foreign country. |
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A
document required and issued by some national
governments authorizing the importation of goods
into their individual countries. |
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Usually
required for items that might affect the public
health, morals, animal life, vegetation, etc.
Examples include foodstuffs, feedstuffs,
pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), medical
equipment, seeds, plants and various written
material (including tapes, cassettes, movies, TV
tapes or TV movies). In some countries an import
permit is the same as an import license. |
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In
transit, or in passage. |
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Inward
bound. Direction of vessel or cargo going to
port of discharge or final destination. |
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Incoterms
are a set of uniform rules codifying the
interpretation of trade terms defining the
rights and obligation of both buyer and seller
in an international transaction, thereby
enabling anotherwise complex basis for a sale
contract to be accomplished in three letters.
Incoterms are drafted by the International
Chamber of Commerce.
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A
CFS with Customs Clearance Facilities.
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A
container insulated on the walls, roof, floor
and doors, to reduce the effect of external
temperatures on the cargo.
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The
frame of a container constructed to hold one or
more thermally insulated tanks for liquids. |
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Transfer
of a container from one party to another. |
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A
terminal at which freight in the course of
transportation is delivered by one
transportation line to another. |
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Water
service between two coasts; usually refers to
water service between a point on the Atlantic
and Pacific Coasts.
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Used
to denote movements of cargo or container
between motor, rail or water carriers.
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Moving
ocean freight containers by various
transportation modes. The fact that the
containers are of the same size and have common
handling characteristics permits them to be
transferred from truck to railroad to air
carrier to ocean carrier.
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International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
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ISO
is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies from some 130 countries, one from each
country. It is a non-governmental organization
established in 1947 to promote the development
of standardization facilitating international
trade. ISO's work results in international
agreements which are published as International
Standards. |
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The
main center-line structural member, running fore
and aft along the bottom of a ship, sometimes
referred to as the backbone. |
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A unit of
speed. The term "knot" means velocity
in nautical miles per hour whether of a vessel
or current. One nautical mile is roughly
equivalent to 1.15 statute miles or 1.85
kilometers. |
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Less
than Container Load. Cargo in quantity less than
required for the application of a container load
rate. |
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Guarantee
from the shipper or consignee to indemnify
carrier for costs and/or loss, if any, in order
to obtain favorable action by carrier, e.g.
sometimes, it is used to allow consignee to take
delivery of goods without surrendering B/L which
has been delayed or become lost (for straight
consignment case).
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A
legal claim upon goods for the satisfaction of
some debt or duty.
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A container
ship onto which containers are lifted by crane. |
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An
open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and
used mainly in harbors and inland waterways. |
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Refers
to the carriage of goods by lighter and the
charge assessed therefore. |
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Transportation
from one city to another as differentiated from
local switching service.
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Vessel
plying a regular trade/defined route against a
published sailing schedule.
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Freight
includes the cost of loading onto and
discharging from the vessel.
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An
organization maintained for the surveying and
classing of ships so that insurance underwriters
and others may know the quality and condition of
the vessels offered for insurance or employment. |
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Percent
of loaded containers against total capacity of
vessel or allocation. |
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Device
that secures container doors at top and bottom. |
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2,240
pounds. (l.t., l.tn.) |
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Individual
employed locally in a port to load and unload
ships. |
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A
trailer or semi-trailer with no sides and with
the floor of the unit close to the ground.
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